Amy Conroy, PhD, MPH

Assoc Professor in Residence
Medicine
+1 415 476-6021

I am a behavioral scientist with multidisciplinary training from the fields of public health, psychology, and sociology. Broadly, my research seeks to understand and intervene upon health behaviors related to HIV/AIDS, alcohol use, cardiometabolic disorders, mental health, and intimate partner violence. Specifically, I am interested in dyadic aspects of health within heterosexual couples. My research is grounded in theory from the field of relationship science, and employs mixed-methods and dyadic analysis techniques to understand couple-level health behavior. The majority of my research takes place in southern Africa with heterosexual couples affected by HIV/AIDS. The first two studies aim to develop and evaluate couple-based approaches to reduce heavy alcohol use in South Africa and in Malawi. The third study is an observational cohort study in Malawi with couples living with HIV and cardiometabolic disorders to inform a model of multimorbidity disease management. I am also involved in other global health projects including an RCT of a couple-based intervention to increase engagement in HIV treatment in South Africa, and an investigation in Kenya on breakthrough HIV infections among people on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Finally, my research leverages data from the Women's Interagency HIV/AIDS Study (now called the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study) to examine how gender-based violence impacts food insecurity and HIV treatment outcomes. My program of research is funded by a diverse set of NIH institutes including the NIMH, NIAAA, NHLBI, and NIAID, and has led to over 50 publications in top journals.

Publications: 

Mlambe economic and relationship-strengthening intervention for alcohol use decreases violence and improves relationship quality in couples living with HIV in Malawi.

Social science & medicine (1982)

Conroy AA, Ruark A, Mulauzi N, Mkandawire J, Darbes LA, Hahn JA, Neilands TB, Tebbetts S, Ssewamala FM

First Case of HIV Seroconversion With Integrase Resistance Mutations on Long-Acting Cabotegravir for Prevention in Routine Care.

Open forum infectious diseases

Koss CA, Gandhi M, Halvas EK, Okochi H, Chu C, Glidden DV, Georgetti Gomez L, Heaps AL, Conroy AA, Tran M, Shetler C, Hoeth D, Kuncze K, Louie A, Rivera Garza H, Wafula Mugoma E, Penrose KJ, Chohan BH, Ayieko JO, Mills A, Patel RR, Mellors JW, Parikh UM

Barriers to accessing care for cardiometabolic disorders in Malawi: partners as a source of resilience for people living with HIV.

International journal for equity in health

Ogugu EG, Bidwell JT, Ruark A, Butterfield RM, Weiser SD, Neilands TB, Mulauzi N, Rambiki E, Mkandawire J, Conroy AA

Pilot Trial Results of Mlambe: An Economic and Relationship-Strengthening Intervention to Address Heavy Drinking and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in Malawi.

AIDS and behavior

Conroy AA, Hahn JA, Neilands TB, Darbes LA, Tebbetts S, Mulauzi N, Mkandawire J, Ssewamala FM

Couples motivational interviewing with mobile breathalysers to reduce alcohol use in South Africa: a pilot randomised controlled trial of Masibambisane.

BMJ open

Msimango L, Butterfield R, Starks TJ, van Heerden A, Neilands TB, Hahn JA, Chibi B, Humphries H, Conroy AA

"High blood pressure comes from thinking too much": Understandings of illness among couples living with cardiometabolic disorders and HIV in Malawi.

PloS one

Jere J, Ruark A, Bidwell JT, Butterfield RM, Neilands TB, Weiser SD, Mulauzi N, Mkandawire J, Conroy AA

"I too have a responsibility for my partner's life": Communal coping among Malawian couples living with HIV and cardiometabolic disorders.

Social science & medicine (1982)

Ruark A, Bidwell JT, Butterfield R, Weiser SD, Neilands TB, Mulauzi N, Mkandawire J, Conroy AA

“I too have a responsibility for my partner's life”: Communal coping among Malawian couples living with HIV and cardiometabolic disorders.

Social Science & Medicine

Allison Ruark, Julie T. Bidwell, Rita Butterfield, Sheri D. Weiser, Torsten B. Neilands, Nancy Mulauzi, James Mkandawire, Amy A. Conroy

Supportive couple relationships buffer against the harms of HIV stigma on HIV treatment adherence.

BMC public health

Gutin SA, Ruark A, Darbes LA, Neilands TB, Mkandawire J, Conroy AA

Efficacy of alcohol reduction interventions among people with HIV as evaluated by self-report and a phosphatidylethanol (PEth) outcome: protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

BMJ open

Kane JC, Allen I, Fatch R, Scheffler A, Emenyonu N, Puryear SB, Chirayil P, So-Armah K, Kahler CW, Magidson JF, Conroy AA, Edelman EJ, Woolf-King S, Parry C, Kiene SM, Chamie G, Adong J, Go VF, Cook RL, Muyindike W, Morojele N, Blokhina E, Krupitsky E, Fiellin DA, Hahn JA

Longitudinal Relationship Between Food Insecurity, Engagement in Care, and ART Adherence Among US Women Living with HIV.

AIDS and behavior

Palar K, Sheira LA, Frongillo EA, Kushel M, Wilson TE, Conroy AA, Adedimeji A, Merenstein D, Cohen MH, Wentz EL, Adimora AA, Ofotokun I, Metsch LR, Turan JM, Tien PC, Weiser SD

Development of an Economic and Relationship-Strengthening Intervention for Alcohol Drinkers Living with HIV in Malawi.

AIDS and behavior

Conroy AA, Tebbetts S, Darbes LA, Hahn JA, Neilands TB, McKenna SA, Mulauzi N, Mkandawire J, Ssewamala FM

Abstract 10263: “High Blood Pressure Comes From Thinking Too Much”: Health Beliefs Among Couples With Cardiometabolic Disorders and HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Circulation

Amy A Conroy, Julie T Bidwell, Allison Ruark, Rita Butterfield, Torsten Neilands, Sheri Weiser, Nancy Mulauzi, James Mkandawire, Jacqueline Huwa

Abstract 12908: Primary Partners Provide Key Social Support for the Management of Cardiometabolic Disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Circulation

Allison Ruark, Julie T Bidwell, Rita Butterfield, Torsten Neilands, Sheri Weiser, Nancy Mulauzi, James Mkandawire, Jacqueline Huwa, Amy Conroy

Mechanisms linking gender-based violence to worse HIV treatment and care outcomes among women in the United States.

AIDS (London, England)

Jain JP, Sheira LA, Frongillo EA, Neilands TB, Cohen MH, Wilson TE, Chandran A, Adimora AA, Kassaye SG, Sheth AN, Fischl MA, Adedimeji AA, Turan JM, Tien PC, Weiser SD, Conroy AA

"It comes altogether as one:" perceptions of analytical treatment interruptions and partner protections among racial, ethnic, sex and gender diverse HIV serodifferent couples in the United States.

BMC public health

Campbell DM, Dubé K, Cowlings PD, Dionicio P, Tam RM, Agarwal H, Stockman JK, Auerbach JD, Sauceda JA, Conroy AA, Johnson MO

Relationship Dynamics are Associated with Self-Reported Adherence but not an Objective Adherence Measure in Malawi.

AIDS and behavior

Conroy AA, McKenna S, Ruark A, Neilands TB, Spinelli M, Gandhi M

Parent-adolescent agreement in reported moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BMC public health

Nagata JM, Cortez CA, Iyer P, Dooley EE, Ganson KT, Conroy AA, Pettee Gabriel K

Mental Health Mediates the Association Between Gender-Based Violence and HIV Treatment Engagement in US Women.

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Conroy AA, Jain JP, Sheira L, Frongillo EA, Neilands TB, Cohen MH, Wilson TE, Chandran A, Adimora AA, Kassaye S, Sheth AN, Fischl MA, Adedimeji A, Turan JM, Tien PC, Weiser SD

Development and Validation of the Couple Sexual Satisfaction Scale for HIV and Sexual Health Research.

Archives of sexual behavior

Conroy AA, Ruark A, Neilands TB, Darbes LA, Johnson MO, Tan JY, Mkandawire J

Bidirectional Violence Is Associated with Poor Engagement in HIV Care and Treatment in Malawian Couples.

Journal of interpersonal violence

Conroy AA, Leddy AM, Darbes LA, Neilands TB, Mkandawire J, Stephenson R

The Unaddressed Needs of Alcohol-Using Couples on Antiretroviral Therapy in Malawi: Formative Research on Multilevel Interventions.

AIDS and behavior

Conroy AA, Ruark A, McKenna SA, Tan JY, Darbes LA, Hahn JA, Mkandawire J

A Dyadic Investigation of Relationship Dynamics and Depressive Symptoms in HIV-Affected Couples in Malawi.

AIDS and behavior

Tuthill EL, Neilands TB, Johnson MO, Sauceda J, Mkandawire J, Conroy AA

Mechanisms and perceived mental health changes after a livelihood intervention for HIV-positive Kenyans: Longitudinal, qualitative findings.

Transcultural psychiatry

Hatcher AM, Lemus Hufstedler E, Doria K, Dworkin SL, Weke E, Conroy A, Bukusi EA, Cohen CR, Weiser SD

Food insecurity and intimate partner violence among married women in Nepal.

Journal of global health

Diamond-Smith N, Conroy AA, Tsai AC, Nekkanti M, Weiser SD

Food insecurity and violence in a prospective cohort of women at risk for or living with HIV in the U.S.

PloS one

Conroy AA, Cohen MH, Frongillo EA, Tsai AC, Wilson TE, Wentz EL, Adimora AA, Merenstein D, Ofotokun I, Metsch L, Kempf MC, Adedimeji A, Turan JM, Tien PC, Weiser SD

Alcohol use and relationship quality among South African couples.

Substance use & misuse

Woolf-King SE, Conroy AA, Fritz K, Johnson MO, Hosegood V, van Rooyen H, Darbes L, McGrath N

Couple-Level Dynamics and Multilevel Challenges Among Black Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Framework of Dyadic HIV Care.

AIDS patient care and STDs

Tan JY, Campbell CK, Conroy AA, Tabrisky AP, Kegeles S, Dworkin SL

Marital infidelity, food insecurity, and couple instability: A web of challenges for dyadic coordination around antiretroviral therapy.

Social science & medicine (1982)

Conroy AA, McKenna SA, Comfort ML, Darbes LA, Tan JY, Mkandawire J

'I told her this is your life': relationship dynamics, partner support and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among South African couples.

Culture, health & sexuality

Conroy A, Leddy A, Johnson M, Ngubane T, van Rooyen H, Darbes L

A longitudinal study of persistent smoking among HIV-positive gay and bisexual men in primary relationships.

Addictive behaviors

Gamarel KE, Neilands TB, Conroy AA, Dilworth SE, Lisha N, Taylor JM, Darbes LA, Johnson MO

Partner Reports of HIV Viral Suppression Predict Sexual Behavior in Serodiscordant Male Couples.

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Conroy AA, Gamarel KE, Neilands TB, Sauceda JA, Darbes LA, Dilworth SE, Taylor JM, Johnson MO

Relationship Power and Sexual Violence Among HIV-Positive Women in Rural Uganda.

AIDS and behavior

Conroy AA, Tsai AC, Clark GM, Boum Y, Hatcher AM, Kawuma A, Hunt PW, Martin JN, Bangsberg DR, Weiser SD

Power and the association with relationship quality in South African couples: Implications for HIV/AIDS interventions.

Social science & medicine (1982)

Conroy AA, McGrath N, van Rooyen H, Hosegood V, Johnson MO, Fritz K, Marr A, Ngubane T, Darbes LA

Programmatic cost evaluation of nontargeted opt-out rapid HIV screening in the emergency department.

PloS one

Haukoos JS, Campbell JD, Conroy AA, Hopkins E, Bucossi MM, Sasson C, Al-Tayyib AA, Thrun MW, Denver ED HIV Opt-Out Study Group

Routine opt-out rapid HIV screening and detection of HIV infection in emergency department patients.

JAMA

Haukoos JS, Hopkins E, Conroy AA, Silverman M, Byyny RL, Eisert S, Thrun MW, Wilson ML, Hutchinson AB, Forsyth J, Johnson SC, Heffelfinger JD, Denver Emergency Department HIV Opt-Out Study Group

Design and implementation of a controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of routine opt-out rapid human immunodeficiency virus screening in the emergency department.

Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Haukoos JS, Hopkins E, Byyny RL, Conroy AA, Silverman M, Eisert S, Thrun M, Wilson M, Boyett B, Heffelfinger JD, Denver ED HIV Opt-Out Study Group